KUALITAS BENIH CABAI RAWIT PADA PERBEDAAN WARNA PEMANENAN BUAH, METODE EKSTRAKSI DAN LAMA PENYIMPANAN
(QUALITY OF CHILLI SEEDS BASED ON DIFFERENCES OF FRUIT HARVESTING COLOUR, EXTRACTION METHOD AND STORAGE DURATION)
Keywords:
harvest colour, cayenne pepper, extraction, storage duration, germination, warna pemanenan, cabai rawit, ekstraksi, penyimpanan, daya kecambahAbstract
ABSTRACT
This study aims to: determine the effect of interaction between fruit harvesting colour, extraction method, and storage duration on seed quality and get the best combination of cayenne pepper seeds quality. The research was carried out in the laboratory and green house of Institut Pertanian (Intan) Yogyakarta.
The research used factorial design arranged in Completely Randomized Design with 2 replications. The first factor was the colour of fruit harvesting with RHS color indicator of 7 levels, namely: Green-Yellow Group 1-C, Yellow Group 13-B, Orange Group 26-A, Orange Group 28-A, Orange-Red Group 34-A and Red Group 44-A. Factor II was seed extraction method consisting of 3 levels, namely: wet extraction, dry extraction, blender extraction. Factor III was storage time at room temperature, no storage, 2 weeks storage, and 4 weeks storage. Observations were made on seed quality, which included germination and germination rate index, seedling height, number of leaves, root length, and seedlingfresh weight. Variables were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's multiple Range Test at 1% dan 5 % level.
The results showed that there were interaction between fruit harvesting colour, extraction method, and storage duration on germination, germination rate index, seedling height, and seedling fresh weight. Harvesting of cayenne peppers with Orange Group 28-A and Orange-Red Group 34-A with blender extraction stored for 4 weeks produced seeds with the best quality with optimum seed germination, germination rate index, and seedling growth.
INTISARI
Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara warna pemanenan buah, metode ekstraksi dan lama penyimpanan terhadap kualitas benih dan mendapatkan kombinasi yang terbaik untuk mendapatkan benih cabai rawit yang berkualitas. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium dan green house Institut Pertanian (INTAN) Yogyakarta dari bulan Juni sampai dengan Oktober.
Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan faktorial 3 faktor yang disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan masing-masing unit diulang sebanyak 2 kali. Faktor I adalah warna pemanenan buah dengan indikator warna RHS sebanyak 7 aras, yaitu: Green-Yellow Group 1-C, Yellow Group 13-B, Orange Group 26-A, Orange Group 28-A, Orange-Red Group 34-A dan Red Group 44-A. Faktor II adalah metode ekstraksi benih yang terdiri dari 3 aras yaitu: ekstraksi basah, ekstraksi kering, ekstraksi blender. Faktor III adalah lama penyimpanan, yaitu tanpa penyimpanan, penyimpanan 2 minggu dan penyimpanan 4 minggu. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kualitas benih, yang meliputi daya berkecambah dan indeks kecepatan perkecambahan, tinggi bibit, jumlah daun, panjang akar dan berat segar bibit. Variabel dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian, dilanjutkan dengan pengujian Jarak Berganda Duncan pada taraf 1% dan 5%.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara warna pemanenan buah, metode ekstraksi dan lama penyimpanan terhadap daya berkecambah, indeks kecepatan perkecambahan, tinggi bibit dan berat segar bibit. Pemanenan buah cabai rawit dengan warna Orange Group 28-A maupun Orange-Red Group 34-A dengan ekstraksi blender yang disimpan 4 minggu menghasilkan benih dengan daya tumbuh, indeks kecepatan perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan bibit yang optimum.
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