PENGARUH ZAT MUTASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN HIAS TROPIS AGLAONEMA ACEH (Aglaonema rotundum) SECARA IN VITRO

THE EFFECT OF MUTATION SUBSTAINCE OF TROPICAL ORNAMENTAL PLANT AGLAONEMA ACEH (Aglaonema rotundum) ON THE GROWTH IN VITRO

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Aglaonema rotundum is a tropical ornamental plant endemic from Indonesia, that is popular used as room decoration plants. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of type and concentration of mutation subtance on the growth of Aglaonema rotundum plantlet as in vitro. The research was conducted on September 2020 to January 2021, at the laboratorium of tissue culture in CV. Esha Biotech (Esha Flora Plant and Tissue Culture), Bogor, West Java.

The study was conducted using one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CDR), by using 10 variety of media treatment, namely: EMS 0,05%; EMS 0,20%; EMS 0,35%; Streptomycin 10; Streptomycin 20%; Streptomycin 30%; Gibberellin

10%; Gibberellin 20%; Gibberellin 20%; dan Control. Each treatment repeated 20 times and all explants were observed as sample. The research variables were: growth response, growing time speed, shoots increase, shoots length increase, height increase, root increase, and leaf color of Aglaonema rotundum plantlets. The data analyzed with one-way anova, and if there is a significant difference between the treatments, will be tested further with DMRT 5% level.

Based on research result, the conclusion were : gibberellin 10% was able to influence the best growth response of Aglaonema rotundum plantlet, 0,05% Etil Methane Sulphonate was able to give the best effect on growing time speed and height increase of plantlet, 0,35% Etil Methane Sulphonate was able to affect the best shoots increase, 0,20% Etil Methane Sulphonate was able to stimulate the best shoots lenght, gibberellin (10%, 20%, and 30%) and streptomycin 10% made a better influence of root increase, the color difference was visible on the Etil Methane Sulphonate’s treatment, but mutation has not occurred because the color change was not light.

INTISARI

Aglaonema rotundum merupakan tanaman hias tropis asal hutan belantara Indonesia yang cukup digemari masyarakat untuk digunakan sebagai tanaman penghias ruangan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis serta konsentrasi zat

mutasi terhadap pertumbuhan plantlet Aglaonema rotundum secara in vitro. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada September 2020 sampai degan Januari 2021 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan CV. Esha Biotech (Esha Flora Plant and Tissue Culture), Bogor, Jawa Barat.

Penelitan dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan 10 perlakuan macam media, yaitu: EMS 0,05%; EMS 0,20%; EMS 0,35%;

Streptomycin 10%; Streptomycin 20%; Streptomycin 30%; Gibberellin 10%; Gibberellin 20%; Gibberellin 30% dan Kontrol. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 20 kali dan seluruh eksplan diamati sebagai sampel. Parameter penelitian yang diamati meliputi: respon pertumbuhan, waktu tumbuh, pertambahan jumlah tunas, pertambahan panjang tunas, pertambahan tinggi, pertambahan jumlah akar, dan warna daun plantlet Aglaonema rotundum. Data hasil penelitian di analisis dengan Anova one way dan apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antar perlakuan, di uji lanjut menggunakan DMRT pada taraf 5%.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: Perlakuan Gibberellin 10% mampu mempengaruhi respon pertumbuhan plantlet Aglaonema rotundum paling baik, Etil Methane Sulphonate pada konsentrasi 0,05% mampu memberikan perngaruh terbaik terhadap kecepatan waktu tumbuh dan pertambahan tinggi plantlet, Etil Methane Sulphonate pada konsentrasi 0,35% memberikan pengaruh paling baik terhadap pertambahan jumlah tunas, Etil Methane Sulphonate pada konsentrasi 0,20% mampu merangsang pertumbuhan panjang tunas paling baik, Gibberellin (10%, 20% dan 30%) dan streptomycin 10% adalah perlakuan yang memberikan pengaruh lebih baik terhadap jumlah akar, perbedaan warna terlihat pada perlakuan Etil Methane Sulphonate namun belum bisa dikatakan terjadi mutasi variegata karena perubahan warna yang terjadi tidak mencolok.